Mathematics
Te Tari Pāngarau me te Tatauranga
Department of Mathematics & Statistics

## MATH160 Mathematics 1

 Second Semester Also available:  First Semester  Summer School
18 points

### Introduction

Algebra and calculus form the basic tools used to produce most mathematical frameworks for modelling quantifiable phenomena. For example, to model the movement of an object through space we need first to create an algebraic structure in which to specify where our object is, and then we can study how that position changes with time (i.e. its movement) using calculus.

Many other problems arising in areas such as Economics or Chemistry, can be examined in a mathematical way using the same basic ideas. For example, we may need to minimize a manufacturing cost, or the time for a chemical reaction to take place, or the effects of river pollution; in each case the techniques used for the minimization are based on a mixture of algebra and calculus theories.

This course aims to develop these tools and techniques both for use in other subjects and in preparation for further study of Mathematics.

### Paper details

This paper is the natural continuation of Year 13 Mathematics, and is divided between algebra and calculus.

In the algebra half, you will learn about three-dimensional vectors and their many uses (such as in geometry, computer graphics, surveying and even calculus). The vector representation of lines, planes and projections leads naturally to the discussion of linear systems of equations and matrices. The basic properties of matrices are studied together with some applications. Complex numbers and polynomials complete this section of the course.

In the calculus half, you will study the ideas and methods of differentiation and integration, using an approach that is intuitive and avoids excess formality. Applications will include optimization, related rates, solving simple differential equations, and the definition of area.

### Potential students

MATH 160 is intended both for those with a main interest in studying Mathematics and/or Statistics, and those whose interest in Mathematics is mainly to support other areas of study. These areas might include the physical, health and biological sciences, computer and information science, engineering, surveying, architecture, economics and finance, and philosophy of science. An understanding of basic algebraic and differential and integral techniques is of benefit to all students exposed to the analysis of processes, whether involving one or several variables.

### Prerequisites

Formally, MATH 160 has no prerequisites other than "sufficient achievement in NCEA Level 3 Calculus". However, we strongly suggest that if you have not passed the externally assessed NCEA Calculus papers "Apply differentiation methods in solving problems" (AS91578) and "Apply integration methods in solving problems" (AS91579), then you should consider taking MATH 151 before attempting MATH 160. If you have high achievement (mostly Excellences and Merits) in NCEA Level 3 Calculus, please see a maths advisor for consideration of direct entry to MATH 170. The placement tool can help you decide which paper is appropriate for you.

### Main topics

Algebra:

• Vectors; linear and planar geometry and applications
• Solving linear systems
• Matrices and applications
• Complex numbers
• Polynomials and their roots.

Calculus:

• Introduction to functions of one variable
• Limits and continuity of functions
• Differentiation of functions and applications
• Integration of functions and applications

### Texts

Algebra: MATH 160 Algebra Outline Notes are available from the Print Shop (or as a pdf file from the resource webpage)

Calculus: MATH 160 Calculus Outline Notes are available from the Print Shop (or as a pdf file from the resource webpage)

Recommended text for Calculus: Calculus by James Stewart (Truncated edition) or the full Calculus (metric edition 8) by James Stewart are available from the University Book Shop; if you are planning on taking MATH 170, you should consider getting the full version.

### Useful references

Several standard texts are suitable for reference. For example:

• Elementary Vector Algebra by A.M. MacBeath
• Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry by M.V. Sweet
• Calculus with Analytic Geometry by Howard Anton (Wiley)
• Calculus by James Stewart (Full edition.)

### Lecturers (Semester 2)

Algebra: Dr Jörg Hennig, room 215

Calculus: Dr Fabien Montiel (room 514) will teach the first half (weeks 1-6) and Dr Petru Cioica-Licht (room 212) will teach the second half (weeks 7-13)

### Lectures (Semester 2)

Algebra: Mon (CAST2), Wed (QUAD2) and alternate Fri (BURN2), 12 noon

Calculus: Tue (QUAD2), Thur (BURN1) and alternate Fri (BURN2), 12 noon

### Office hours (Semester 2)

by arrangement (or just pop in if we are in our offices)

### Tutorials

Attendance at tutorials is voluntary. An open tutorial system operates where classes run for 8 hours per week, and students may attend as many as they need to and are able to. See Chapter 0 of the Outline Notes for tutorial times.

### Internal Assessment

There are ten marked assignments which make up your assignment mark A. This only contributes to your final mark if it helps you (see below).

There are five Skills Tests in each of Algebra and Calculus which make up your test mark T. The test mark is 33% of your final mark.

### Terms Requirement

You have to fulfil the terms requirement in order to be allowed to sit the final exam.

In this paper, to pass “terms” you need to:

• gain at least 5/10 in each of the first four Skills Tests before the end of the 12th week
• achieve an overall mark of 40% on the 10 assignments

See Chapter 0 of the Outline Notes for the schedule for the Skills Tests.

### Exam format

The 3-hour final exam consists of multiple-choice questions and some long answer questions.

### Calculators

Calculators must not be used in the Skills Tests. In the exam, you may use any calculator from List A (Scientific Calculators) of the University of Otago's approved calculators; these are Casio FX82, Casio FX100, Sharp EL531, Casio FX570 and Casio FX95.

### Final mark

If:

• E is the Exam mark
• A is the Assignments mark
• T is the Tests mark

all expressed out of 100, then your final mark F in this paper will be calculated according to this formula:

F = max(E, (3E + A)/4)*2/3 + T/3

This means your internal assessment can boost your exam mark with a 1/4 weighting if that helps you. Notice how important the tests are — to gain terms and for their contribution to the final mark.

### Students must abide by the University’s Academic Integrity Policy

Academic endeavours at the University of Otago are built upon an essential commitment to academic integrity.

The two most common forms of academic misconduct are plagiarism and unauthorised collaboration.

Plagiarism is defined as:

• Copying or paraphrasing another person’s work and presenting it as your own.
• Being party to someone else’s plagiarism by letting them copy your work or helping them to copy the work of someone else without acknowledgement.
• Using your own work in another situation, such as for the assessment of a different paper or program, without indicating the source.
• Plagiarism can be unintentional or intentional. Even if it is unintentional, it is still considered to be plagiarism.

All students have a responsibility to be aware of acceptable academic practice in relation to the use of material prepared by others and are expected to take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure no breach of acceptable academic practice occurs. You should also be aware that plagiarism is easy to detect and the University has policies in place to deal with it.

Unauthorised Collaboration occurs when you work with, or share work with, others on an assessment which is designed as a task for individuals and in which individual answers are required. This form does not include assessment tasks where students are required or permitted to present their results as collaborative work. Nor does it preclude collaborative effort in research or study for assignments, tests or examinations; but unless it is explicitly stated otherwise, each student’s answers should be in their own words. If you are not sure if collaboration is allowed, check with your lecturer.

Further information

While we strive to keep details as accurate and up-to-date as possible, information given here should be regarded as provisional. Individual lecturers will confirm teaching and assessment methods.

Struggling to decide which 100-level Mathematics paper to take first? Our placement tools can help you.

The aircraft’s flightpath goes through coordinates (1,2,0) and (23,-19,3). The top of the hill is at (18,-13,2).
How close does the aircraft get to the top of the hill? Vectors make this an easy calculation.
..., 1839-1903, was a pioneer in vector analysis. His family lived in Connecticut and Gibbs became Professor of Mathematical Physics at Yale in 1871 — rather surprisingly before he had published any work! He made major contributions to thermodynamics, the electromagnetic theory of light and statistical mechanics.

In a certain city, commuters go to work by car or bus. A study shows that from each year to the next year 20% of car users change to travelling by bus, while 15% of bus users change to travelling by car. What percentage of commuters travel by car, once things have settled down?
The main cable of a suspension bridge naturally forms a curve called a catenary. When it is loaded with the horizontal road structure it deforms into a parabola. Unless very carefully designed, suspension bridges are susceptible to collapse from high winds or earthquakes.
Let $N$ be the number of individuals in a population. One model for studying $N$ says that the rate of increase of $N$ depends on both $N$ itself (since the more individuals there are the more offspring will be produced) and on some residual amount $M-N$ (since there will be competition for resources like food); so we have $$\frac{dN}{dt}=N(M-N)$$ for some constant $M$.
Will the population die out or reach some maximum value?
..., 1646-1716, was one of the developers of calculus — the other was Isaac Newton. They used different approaches, and different notation. Leibniz also was a pioneer of mathematical logic.